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The frequency of impedance readings varies with battery type, site conditions, and previous maintenance practices. IEEE Recommended Practices suggest semi-annual tests. With that said, Megger recommends that VRLA batteries are measured quarterly due to their unpredictable nature and semi-annually for NiCd and flooded lead-acid.
Many manufacturers now publish impedance values to establish baselines. Several larger organisations who buy many batteries per year have written percent increases of impedance into their battery purchasing specifications for warranty and replacement purposes.
While performing a discharge test, IEEE requires you to measure the individual cell voltages multiple times throughout the test. Using the BITE5 to measure cell voltage gives you the advantage of measuring impedance at the same time. With the extra data gained from impedance testing, you will be able to see which cells are more susceptible to failure, even though they may not have reached their voltage limit during the test. Additionally, with the impedance data from fully charged cells and from cells throughout and at the end of the discharge test, you can develop baseline impedance data. With the baseline data, you will have pass/fail limits for future impedance tests on the tested battery bank, as well as its specific types of cells.
Take a deeper dive into power quality and battery test instruments through our comprehensive guides.
Understand the ins and outs of all things batteries.
Learn the issues to look for when measuring.
Explore tables for IEEE, ANSI/NETA, and NERC standards.
Get a case-by-case breakdown of common malfunctions.