When a quadrupole and a coupling capacitor are used together as the coupling device, high voltage is applied both to a test object and to the coupling capacitor in parallel with the test object. A quadrupole (sometimes called a measuring impedance) can then be placed in series with either the coupling capacitor or in series with the test object. Some quadrupoles also output a low-voltage copy of the applied high-voltage wave for synchronizing the PD detector. The three basic models of available Power Diagnostix quadrupoles are briefly described here.
CIL Quadrupoles
The CIL quadrupoles consist of an inductor in parallel with a damping resistor. The inductor and resistor are calculated to form, together with a high-voltage coupling capacitor, a second order high pass filter. Therefore, matching the range of the CIL with the size of the coupling capacitor with which it will be used is important.
CIT Quadrupoles
The CIT coupling units are transformer type units, where a preamplifier’s input resistance functions as the required damping resistor. CIT units offer a higher sensitivity than the CIL coupling units. Furthermore, CIT units are available for bridged configurations to connect to two similar test objects as well.
CIL/V and CIT/V Quadrupoles
The CIL/V and CIT/V quadrupoles are similar to the CIL and CIT quadrupoles but also contain a capacitor acting as a voltage divider together with the high voltage coupling capacitor. This provides a low-voltage copy of the applied high-voltage wave that can be used through a HST to synchronize the PD detector and monitor the quality of the applied high-voltage wave.
Optionally, the quadrupoles with built-in divider capacitor for voltage measurement can be supplied with a rotary switch to select the divider capacitor. Especially, when connected to the measurement tap of transformer bushings, the selectable capacitors expand the applicable voltage range.
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